Underground mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals and materials from beneath the Earth’s surface. Unlike open-pit mining, which occurs on the surface, underground mining involves creating tunnels and shafts to reach deposits that are too deep for surface extraction. This method is used for various resources, including metals, coal, and gemstones.
Underground mines are complex networks of tunnels, shafts, and chambers. Miners use specialised equipment to dig, support the excavated areas, and transport materials. Safety is a top priority, with systems in place for ventilation, water drainage, and structural support.
Now, let’s explore 50 key terms used in underground mining, with brief explanations:
- Adit: A horizontal tunnel providing entrance to a mine.
- Backfill: Material used to fill mined-out areas for support.
- Borehole: A narrow shaft drilled for exploration or ventilation.
- Cage: An elevator for transporting miners and materials in a shaft.
- Crosscut: A horizontal tunnel connecting other tunnels.
- Decline: A sloping tunnel used for access to the mine.
- Drift: A horizontal tunnel following the ore vein.
- Face: The end of a tunnel where mining is actively occurring.
- Footwall: The rock beneath an inclined ore body.
- Hanging wall: The rock above an inclined ore body.
- Haulage: The system for moving ore and waste within the mine.
- Headframe: The steel frame at the top of a mine shaft.
- Incline: An upward-sloping tunnel.
- Level: A horizontal network of tunnels at a specific depth.
- Longwall: A mining method that removes large panels of ore.
- Manway: A passage for miners to travel through the mine.
- Ore pass: A vertical or inclined passage for moving ore downward.
- Pillar: A column of rock left to support the mine roof.
- Raise: A vertical or inclined tunnel driven upward.
- Room-and-pillar: A mining method leaving pillars to support the roof.
- Shaft: A vertical tunnel for mine access and ore transport.
- Shotcrete: Sprayed concrete used for ground support.
- Skip: A large bucket for hoisting ore in a shaft.
- Stope: An excavated area where ore has been removed.
- Sublevel: A level between main levels in a mine.
- Sump: A collection point for water at the bottom of a shaft.
- Tailgate: The tunnel at the end of a longwall panel.
- Ventilation raise: A shaft for air circulation in the mine.
- Winze: A vertical or inclined opening driven downward.
- Air door: A door controlling airflow in the mine.
- Bolting: Installing bolts to support the mine roof.
- Caving: Controlled collapse of rock in some mining methods.
- Chute: A passage for ore to fall from a higher to lower level.
- Creep: Slow, continuous deformation of rock under pressure.
- Cut-and-fill: A mining method alternating ore removal and backfilling.
- Dip: The angle at which a rock layer is inclined from horizontal.
- Drill jumbo: A mobile platform with multiple drill rigs.
- Explosive magazine: A secure storage area for explosives.
- Grizzly: A grate for sizing ore during handling.
- Hanging wall bolt: A roof bolt installed in the hanging wall.
- Kibble: A large bucket used for hoisting in shaft sinking.
- Mucking: The process of loading broken rock.
- Overhand stoping: Mining upward from a lower level.
- Retreat mining: Working backwards towards the mine entrance.
- Rock burst: Sudden, violent failure of rock under high stress.
- Scaling: Removing loose rock from mine walls and roofs.
- Slusher: A scraper for moving broken rock in a stope.
- Squeezing ground: Rock that deforms plastically under pressure.
- Underhand stoping: Mining downward from an upper level.
- Void: An empty space left after ore extraction.
Wow, who knew there was so much going on underground, right? We’ve just scratched the surface (pun intended!) of what underground mining is all about. It’s pretty mind-blowing when you think about it – there are entire networks of tunnels and shafts hidden beneath our feet, buzzing with activity.
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